An air conditioner works by removing heat from the indoor air, rather than adding coolness. The cooling process involves several key components:
Refrigerant: Air conditioners use a refrigerant, typically a chemical compound with a low boiling point, to facilitate the heat transfer process. The refrigerant circulates between the indoor and outdoor units of the AC system.
Evaporator coil: The indoor unit contains an evaporator coil that cools the air. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air as it evaporates, transforming from a liquid to a gas state.
Compressor: The refrigerant in a gaseous state then moves to the outdoor unit, where the compressor compresses it, increasing its pressure and temperature.
Condenser coil: The hot refrigerant then flows through the condenser coil, located in the outdoor unit. The condenser coil releases heat to the outside air, allowing the refrigerant to return to its liquid state.
Expansion valve: After being cooled and condensed, the refrigerant flows through an expansion valve, where its pressure drops, and it evaporates again, starting the cycle anew.
By removing heat from the indoor air and releasing it outdoors, the air conditioner cools the indoor space. The cooled air is then circulated back into the room, providing a more comfortable environment.
It's worth noting that while an air conditioner primarily removes heat, the cooling effect it produces often gives the sensation of adding coolness to the room.