No, small electric motors used in home appliances like refrigerators or vacuum cleaners typically do not use three-phase current. These appliances typically run on single-phase alternating current (AC) power.
Three-phase current is commonly used in industrial applications and for large motors and heavy machinery, where the higher power demands and efficiency benefits of three-phase systems are necessary. It is well-suited for industrial settings because it allows for a constant power supply with reduced voltage drop and increased power transfer capabilities.
On the other hand, single-phase motors are more prevalent in household appliances due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. They are suitable for applications with lower power requirements, such as those found in most home appliances. Single-phase motors are easier to design, manufacture, and control, making them a better fit for small-scale consumer products.