If your refrigerator is warm on top and freezing at the bottom, it's likely that there is a problem with the appliance's cooling system. There are a few common reasons for this issue:
Temperature settings: Double-check that your refrigerator's temperature settings are properly adjusted. The freezer and refrigerator compartments should have separate temperature controls. Make sure the refrigerator compartment is set to a cooler temperature and the freezer to a colder temperature.
Blocked air vents: The air vents inside the refrigerator and freezer are responsible for distributing cold air. If these vents are blocked or obstructed by items placed too close to them, it can disrupt the airflow and result in uneven cooling.
Damaged door gaskets: The door gaskets are the rubber seals that line the edges of the refrigerator and freezer doors, ensuring a tight closure. If these gaskets are damaged or not sealing properly, warm air from the outside can enter the refrigerator while cold air leaks out, leading to temperature imbalances.
Malfunctioning thermistor: The refrigerator uses a thermistor (temperature sensor) to monitor the temperature and adjust the cooling accordingly. If the thermistor is faulty, it may not regulate the temperature correctly, leading to uneven cooling.
Faulty defrost system: If the defrost system is malfunctioning, ice can build up on the evaporator coils. This ice buildup can disrupt the flow of cold air, causing temperature inconsistencies.
Blocked condenser coils: The condenser coils are responsible for dissipating heat from the refrigerator. If they are covered in dust or debris, they can't release heat efficiently, causing the refrigerator to struggle with cooling.
Refrigerant leak: A refrigerant leak can lead to uneven cooling, with certain parts of the refrigerator becoming too cold while others remain warm.
To resolve the issue, you can try the following steps:
Check and adjust the temperature settings as needed.
Ensure that air vents inside the refrigerator and freezer are not blocked.
Examine the door gaskets for any damage and replace them if necessary.
If none of these steps work, it's best to contact a professional appliance repair service to diagnose and fix the specific issue with your refrigerator's cooling system. Refrigerators contain sensitive components, and attempting DIY repairs without proper knowledge can cause further damage.