Using R12 refrigerant in an R134a system can lead to several significant consequences:
Incompatibility: R12 and R134a are different types of refrigerants with distinct chemical properties. R12 is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), and R134a is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). They have different operating pressures and cooling capacities, making them incompatible in the same system.
Performance Issues: When R12 is used in an R134a system, the cooling efficiency will be severely affected. The system may not be able to reach the desired temperature levels, leading to poor cooling performance and increased energy consumption.
Compressor Damage: The different operating pressures and lubrication requirements of R12 and R134a can place excessive stress on the compressor. Over time, this can lead to compressor failure, which is a costly repair.
Environmental Impact: R12 is a CFC, and its use has been banned due to its detrimental effect on the ozone layer. R134a, while an HFC, has a relatively high global warming potential (GWP) when compared to some newer refrigerants. Using R12 in an R134a system would contribute to environmental harm and is illegal in many regions.
Safety Concerns: Mixing refrigerants can lead to the production of harmful byproducts and can pose safety risks to individuals handling the system.
If you want to change from one refrigerant to another, it is essential to follow proper procedures to ensure the safe and efficient transition. Here's a general outline of the steps involved:
Consult a Professional: Changing refrigerants should only be performed by qualified HVAC technicians or professionals experienced in refrigerant conversions.
Recover Old Refrigerant: The existing R134a refrigerant in the system should be safely recovered using specialized equipment to prevent environmental contamination.
System Flush: The system should be thoroughly flushed to remove any remaining traces of the old refrigerant and contaminants. Special flushing agents may be used for this purpose.
Replace Components: Some components in the system might not be compatible with the new refrigerant. Depending on the system's design and age, certain components may need to be replaced to ensure optimal performance and safety with the new refrigerant.
Evacuate the System: After replacing components, the system should be evacuated using a vacuum pump to remove any moisture and air.
Charge with New Refrigerant: Once the system is properly prepared, it can be charged with the new refrigerant following the manufacturer's specifications and recommended levels.
Test and Monitor: The system should be thoroughly tested to ensure it is functioning correctly and safely with the new refrigerant. Ongoing monitoring and maintenance may be necessary to optimize performance and avoid potential issues.
Remember, refrigerant conversions can be complex and require expertise, so it's best to seek professional help to ensure the process is done correctly and safely. Additionally, consider using refrigerants with lower environmental impact, such as HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins) or natural refrigerants, when possible.