In most cases, it is not possible to change the compressor of an old refrigerator without releasing any refrigerant (Freon). The refrigerant used in refrigerators is typically a closed-loop system, which means it circulates through the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator in a sealed circuit. If the compressor is faulty and needs replacement, it would require breaking into this closed system, which inevitably results in the release of refrigerant.
When replacing a compressor in a refrigerator, the general procedure involves the following steps:
Removing the refrigerant: To access and remove the compressor, the refrigerant must be carefully evacuated from the system. This is usually done by a licensed technician using specialized equipment to capture and safely store the refrigerant to prevent its release into the atmosphere, as it is harmful to the environment.
Replacing the compressor: Once the refrigerant has been removed, the old compressor can be taken out and a new one installed.
System evacuation and recharge: After the compressor replacement, the system needs to be thoroughly evacuated to remove any moisture and air that might have entered during the process. Once the system is clean and dry, new refrigerant can be charged into the system at the appropriate amount specified by the manufacturer.
Leak check: It's crucial to conduct a leak check to ensure there are no refrigerant leaks in the system before returning the refrigerator to service.
Given the complex and sensitive nature of refrigerant handling, it's essential to have a licensed technician perform the compressor replacement and any other refrigeration system repairs. Additionally, proper refrigerant handling and disposal are necessary to comply with environmental regulations and to minimize the impact on the ozone layer and climate change.