Raw potatoes generally spoil faster at room temperature than in the refrigerator. When potatoes are stored at room temperature, the higher temperatures and humidity can accelerate the process of sprouting, softening, and spoilage. Here are some factors to consider:
Temperature: Room temperature is generally not ideal for potato storage because it is warmer than the recommended storage temperature range, which is around 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). At higher temperatures, the starches in the potatoes convert into sugars more quickly, which can affect the taste and texture of the potatoes.
Humidity: Potatoes prefer a cool and dry environment. If the humidity is high, potatoes are more likely to develop mold or rot.
Exposure to light: Keeping potatoes at room temperature can also lead to exposure to light, which can cause the development of solanine, a natural toxic compound found in potatoes. Solanine is responsible for the green color that appears on potatoes when exposed to light. While small amounts of solanine are not harmful, higher levels can cause digestive issues.
On the other hand, storing raw potatoes in the refrigerator can significantly extend their shelf life. However, there are some considerations to keep in mind:
Cold-induced sweetening: When stored in the refrigerator for an extended period, the starch in potatoes can convert to sugar more rapidly. This can result in a sweeter taste and cause some browning during cooking. To minimize this effect, store potatoes in a paper bag rather than in plastic, as paper bags allow for better air circulation.
Chilling injury: While refrigeration helps slow down spoilage, storing potatoes at temperatures near or below 40°F (4°C) for extended periods can cause "chilling injury." This can lead to a sweet or off-flavor, as well as a gritty texture when the potatoes are cooked.
To strike a balance, it's best to store raw potatoes in a cool, dark, and well-ventilated place, such as a pantry or a cellar, with a temperature range around 45 to 50°F (7 to 10°C). If your room temperatures are quite warm, you might consider refrigerating them for short-term storage, especially if you have a surplus of potatoes and plan to use them relatively quickly. For longer-term storage, however, it's best to find a cool, dark spot that replicates the potato's natural storage environment.