The duration for which food can remain safe in a working refrigerator without power depends on various factors, including the type of food, the refrigerator's insulation, the ambient temperature, and how frequently the refrigerator is opened during the power outage. Here are some general guidelines:
Closed refrigerator, full of food: A well-insulated refrigerator that is full of food can keep its contents at a safe temperature for about 4 to 6 hours without power.
Closed refrigerator, not full: If the refrigerator is only partially filled with food, it may keep the contents safe for about 2 to 4 hours without power.
Unopened freezer compartment: A full freezer can maintain the temperature for approximately 48 hours (about 24 hours if half full) if the freezer remains closed during a power outage.
Ambient temperature: If the room where the refrigerator is located is very hot (over 90°F/32°C), the food may spoil more quickly.
It's essential to keep the refrigerator and freezer doors closed as much as possible during a power outage to retain the cold air and extend the safe storage time. You can also add ice packs or bags of ice to the refrigerator to help keep the temperature lower for a longer period.
If the power outage is expected to last for an extended period (more than a few hours), and the temperature inside the refrigerator rises above 40°F (4°C) for perishable foods, it's best to discard those items to avoid the risk of foodborne illness. When in doubt, throw it out.
As a precautionary measure, always keep a food thermometer in your refrigerator and freezer to check temperatures after a power outage and assess the safety of the stored food. If in doubt about the safety of specific food items, it's best to discard them to avoid any potential health risks.