If the bottom half of a fridge (refrigerator compartment) stops working while the top half (freezer compartment) is still working, there could be several potential reasons for this issue:
Defrosting issues: Most modern refrigerators have a cooling system that circulates cold air from the freezer to the refrigerator compartment. If the defrosting system fails, ice can build up on the evaporator coils in the freezer, blocking the airflow to the refrigerator compartment. As a result, the freezer remains cold, but the fridge becomes warmer.
Blocked vents: There are vents or channels that allow cold air to flow from the freezer to the refrigerator compartment. If these vents get blocked by food items or other obstructions, the cold air won't be able to reach the lower section of the fridge.
Damaged or malfunctioning fans: Refrigerators often have fans that help circulate cold air throughout the appliance. If the fan responsible for transferring cold air from the freezer to the fridge malfunctions, the freezer may still be cold, but the refrigerator section will lose its cooling ability.
Thermostat or temperature control issues: A faulty thermostat can lead to improper temperature regulation in the refrigerator compartment, causing it to stop cooling properly while the freezer continues to work as intended.
Compressor problems: The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator's cooling system. If it experiences issues, such as a failure or reduced efficiency, it can impact the cooling performance of the refrigerator compartment while the freezer may still be working.
Low refrigerant levels: If there's a refrigerant leak in the cooling system, the freezer might still maintain its cold temperature due to its smaller size and insulation, but the refrigerator may lose its cooling ability.
Damaged door gaskets: If the door gaskets are damaged or not sealing properly, warm air from the surrounding environment can enter the refrigerator compartment, affecting its cooling efficiency.
In any case, diagnosing and fixing refrigerator issues can be complex and often requires the expertise of a professional appliance repair technician. If you encounter this problem, it's best to contact a qualified repair service to properly diagnose and resolve the specific issue with your refrigerator.