It's generally not recommended to store raw potatoes in the fridge because the cold temperature can convert the starch in the potatoes into sugar more quickly than if they were stored at room temperature. This can lead to a change in taste and texture when cooked.
However, if you've only stored the raw potatoes in the fridge for one day, they should still be safe to eat. One day of refrigeration is unlikely to cause any significant deterioration in quality or safety. The conversion of starch to sugar takes time and won't happen drastically in such a short period.
If the potatoes look and smell fine, you can still use them. Just take them out of the fridge and store them in a cool, dark place like a pantry or cellar, away from onions and other fruits/vegetables. Storing them properly in a cool, dark location will help maintain their quality and extend their shelf life.
Only consider throwing them out if they show signs of mold, rot, or have a strange smell. Otherwise, you should be fine to use them as you normally would. Remember, when in doubt, it's always better to err on the side of caution and prioritize food safety.