An overload protector, also known as a thermal overload protector or a compressor overload protector, is a crucial component in a refrigerator compressor's electrical circuit. Its main function is to safeguard the compressor from overheating and potential damage due to excessive current draw.
Here's how it works:
Current Sensing: The overload protector is designed to monitor the electrical current flowing to the compressor. As the compressor starts, it requires a higher amount of current to overcome the initial resistance and begin the compression process.
Temperature Sensing: The overload protector contains a small sensor that is sensitive to temperature changes. As the current flows through the overload protector, it generates heat. The higher the current, the more heat is produced.
Trip Threshold: The overload protector is calibrated to a specific trip threshold, which is set at a level just below the critical point where the compressor might overheat. If the current drawn by the compressor exceeds this threshold, the heat generated triggers the overload protector to trip.
Trip Action: When the overload protector trips, it interrupts the electrical circuit to the compressor, cutting off the power supply. This action stops the compressor from running and prevents further overheating.
Resetting: Overload protectors are often designed to be automatic-resetting. Once the compressor cools down and the current draw returns to a safe level, the overload protector resets itself, and power is restored to the compressor.
The overload protector serves as a safety mechanism, preventing the compressor from being damaged due to electrical issues or mechanical failures that could lead to excessive current draw. It plays a vital role in the proper functioning and longevity of the refrigerator's compressor. However, if the overload protector trips frequently, it may indicate an underlying problem with the compressor or other components, and professional inspection and repair may be necessary.