The microwaves produced by the magnetron in a microwave oven typically operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The "GHz" stands for gigahertz, which equals one billion hertz. This frequency is chosen because it allows for efficient and consistent heating of food, as it is readily absorbed by water, fats, and sugars present in most common food items. The microwave energy excites the water molecules, generating heat and evenly cooking or heating the food.