Among non-ionizing radiations, microwaves and millimeter waves have better penetration through the skin compared to other wavelengths. Here are a few reasons why they are particularly effective in this regard:
Wavelength and skin interaction: Microwaves and millimeter waves have longer wavelengths compared to other non-ionizing radiations such as infrared or radio waves. Longer wavelengths allow them to penetrate deeper into the skin before being absorbed or scattered. This deeper penetration enables them to reach underlying tissues more effectively.
Interaction with water molecules: Both microwaves and millimeter waves interact strongly with water molecules. The human body contains a significant amount of water, and this interaction facilitates the penetration of these waves through the skin. Water molecules, being polar, absorb and re-emit the energy from microwaves and millimeter waves, allowing them to propagate through the body.
Lower reflectivity: Microwaves and millimeter waves have lower reflectivity compared to shorter wavelengths. This means that they are less likely to bounce off the surface of the skin and more likely to penetrate deeper. The lower reflectivity helps these waves to enter the skin and reach underlying tissues.
It's worth noting that the extent of penetration can vary depending on the frequency and power of the microwaves or millimeter waves, as well as the properties of the specific tissues involved. The depth of penetration can also be influenced by factors such as skin thickness and the presence of certain barriers or layers in the body.
While microwaves and millimeter waves can penetrate the skin more effectively than other non-ionizing radiations, it's important to note that the intensity and duration of exposure to any form of radiation should be within safe limits to prevent potential health risks.