Microwaves emit a type of electromagnetic radiation called microwave radiation. However, modern microwave ovens are designed with safety features to prevent harmful levels of radiation from being released into the environment.
The primary concern with microwave ovens is to ensure that the microwave radiation stays contained within the oven and does not leak into the surrounding area. The design of the oven's metal casing, along with safety interlocks on the door, helps to achieve this containment.
The radiation levels inside a properly functioning microwave oven are relatively low and considered safe for normal use. They are regulated and must comply with safety standards set by government agencies in different countries, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States.
To put it into perspective, the U.S. FDA sets a limit of 5 milliwatts of microwave radiation per square centimeter (mW/cm²) when measured 5 centimeters away from the oven surface. At a typical distance from the microwave while in use, the radiation levels drop significantly and pose no significant health risk.
As long as the microwave oven is not damaged, has no visible cracks, and the door is properly sealed and functioning, the level of microwave radiation it emits is considered safe for everyday use. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and avoid tampering with the oven's internal components to ensure its safety and proper functioning.