Opening a microwave oven while it's in operation can potentially expose you to microwave radiation, which is a form of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Microwave ovens use microwaves to heat food by exciting water molecules, causing them to vibrate and generate heat. These microwaves are contained within the cooking chamber by a metal mesh or metal casing, which prevents them from escaping.
However, if the microwave door is damaged, improperly sealed, or if you open the door while the oven is running, some microwave radiation may leak out, and you could be exposed to it. The level of radiation leakage from a properly functioning microwave is generally well within safety limits established by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
It's important to note that microwave ovens are designed with safety features, including interlocking switches that deactivate the microwave when the door is opened. This is done to prevent accidental exposure to radiation during operation. But as with any electrical appliance, malfunctions can occur, so it's essential to ensure that your microwave is in good working condition and has no visible damage to the door or seal.
If you have concerns about your microwave's safety or suspect that it might be malfunctioning, it's best to have it inspected and repaired by a qualified technician. Additionally, always follow the manufacturer's instructions and safety guidelines when using any electrical appliance, including microwave ovens, to minimize any potential risks.