It's generally a good idea to maintain some distance from the microwave when it is operating, but the risk of harm from typical household microwave ovens is relatively low when used correctly. Microwaves emit electromagnetic radiation, which is non-ionizing radiation, meaning it lacks sufficient energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules (ionization). As a result, microwaves do not have the same potential for causing harm as ionizing radiation (e.g., X-rays or gamma rays).
However, there are a few reasons why it's advisable to keep some distance from a microwave in operation:
Avoiding Accidents: Standing too close to a microwave can increase the risk of burns or scalds if hot food or liquids spill or splash. Since microwaves heat food rapidly, they can cause sudden boiling or steaming.
Preventing Direct Exposure: While microwaves are designed to contain the radiation within the oven, standing very close to the oven could potentially expose you to small amounts of microwave radiation. Although the levels are generally considered safe, it's better to maintain a reasonable distance for added precaution.
Interference with Operation: Being too close to the microwave could interfere with the cooking process if you accidentally press buttons or open the door.
As a general guideline, it's recommended to stay a safe distance away from the microwave, typically around 1 meter (3 feet) or more, while it's in operation. This distance is well beyond any potential exposure to microwave radiation, and it also helps prevent accidental injuries or disruptions to the cooking process. Additionally, always follow the manufacturer's instructions and safety guidelines for your specific microwave model to ensure proper usage and safety.