In a properly designed and functioning microwave oven, the reason you don't get shocked by touching the oven is due to the presence of multiple safety measures and electrical design considerations. Here are some key reasons:
Grounding: The microwave oven's metal chassis, including the outer casing and core of the transformer, is typically connected to a ground wire. This ground connection serves as a safety measure that provides a low-resistance path for electrical current in the event of a fault or short circuit. If any electrical component inside the oven becomes live, the current will be directed to the ground wire, preventing the outer casing from becoming energized and protecting you from electric shock.
Double Insulation: Microwave ovens are designed with double insulation, where there are two separate layers of insulating material between the electrical components and the outer casing. This extra insulation adds an additional barrier to prevent any electrical leakage or contact with the outer casing.
Safety Interlocks: Microwave ovens are equipped with safety interlock switches that cut off the power supply to the magnetron (the part that generates the microwaves) when the oven door is opened. This prevents microwaves from being emitted when the door is not properly closed and ensures that the magnetron is not active while you have access to the interior.
Design and Testing Standards: Microwave ovens must comply with rigorous safety standards set by regulatory bodies in various countries. These standards ensure that the ovens are designed, manufactured, and tested to meet specific safety requirements, including electrical safety.
Regular Maintenance and Inspections: To maintain safety, it's essential to conduct regular inspections and maintenance of the microwave oven. This includes checking for damaged power cords, loose connections, or other signs of wear and tear that could compromise electrical safety.
However, despite these safety measures, it is essential to treat all electrical appliances with caution and care. If you ever notice any unusual behavior or suspect a malfunction in your microwave oven, it's best to stop using it immediately and have it inspected and repaired by a qualified technician. Always remember that electrical appliances can be hazardous when not properly maintained or used as intended.