Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that falls within the radiofrequency range. They have wavelengths longer than infrared radiation but shorter than radio waves. Microwaves are used in various applications, including communication, cooking, radar systems, and defense technologies.
In defense against missile attacks, microwaves can be utilized in a concept known as "directed energy weapons" or "microwave weapons." These weapons use high-power microwave (HPM) beams to disable or disrupt the electronic components of missiles, without causing physical damage to the missile itself. The main advantage of using microwave weapons is that they can neutralize incoming threats with precision and speed.
Here's how microwaves can be used in defense against missile attacks:
Targeting and Tracking: Radar systems are used to detect and track incoming missiles. These radars lock onto the missile and provide critical information such as its speed, trajectory, and location.
Active Denial System (ADS): One specific application of microwave technology in defense is the Active Denial System. This system uses directed high-frequency microwaves to heat the surface of the target (including missiles) quickly. The intense heat causes extreme discomfort or pain to the missile's sensors and control systems, forcing it to divert from its trajectory or abort the mission.
Counter-Electronics High-Power Microwave (CHAMP): The Counter-Electronics High-Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project is another example of microwave-based defense technology. CHAMP uses microwave bursts to fry the electronic components within a missile, rendering it inoperable.
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Generation: High-power microwave sources can be used to generate electromagnetic pulses. When directed towards incoming missiles, these pulses can disrupt or damage their electronic systems, causing them to malfunction.
Electronic Warfare (EW): Microwaves can also be used in electronic warfare to jam or interfere with the communication systems of missiles, making it difficult for them to receive guidance signals or send feedback to their operators.
It's important to note that the use of microwave weapons in defense systems requires advanced technology and precise targeting capabilities. Additionally, the deployment of such weapons is subject to international agreements and regulations. Microwave weapons, like other directed energy weapons, are a developing area of military research, and their use is subject to strict ethical and legal considerations.