Microwaves can potentially leak through walls, but modern microwave ovens are designed with safety measures to minimize this risk. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, and like other forms of radiation, they can penetrate certain materials.
However, microwave ovens are constructed with a metal enclosure that acts as a Faraday cage, which helps contain the microwaves inside the oven during operation. The microwave door is designed with a metal mesh that allows you to see inside while blocking most of the microwaves from escaping.
When a microwave oven is functioning correctly and the door is undamaged and closed properly, there should be minimal leakage. Manufacturers must comply with strict safety standards and regulations that limit the amount of microwave leakage from the oven to ensure consumer safety.
To maintain safety, it's essential to keep your microwave oven in good condition, avoid any physical damage to the door, and never use the oven if the door doesn't close securely. If you suspect your microwave is leaking, it's best to have it tested by a professional technician or consider replacing it. Additionally, never attempt to tamper with or repair the microwave on your own, as this could compromise its safety features.