Chemicals designed for "dry cleaning" cannot be purchased for consumer use in the home primarily due to safety, environmental, and regulatory reasons. Dry cleaning is a specialized cleaning process that uses solvents other than water to clean delicate fabrics and garments without causing damage or shrinkage. The most common solvent used in professional dry cleaning is perchloroethylene (also known as "perc"), but there are also other alternatives like hydrocarbon-based solvents and liquid carbon dioxide.
Here are some reasons why these chemicals are not readily available for consumer use at home:
Safety Concerns: Many dry cleaning solvents are volatile, flammable, and potentially hazardous if not handled correctly. Professional dry cleaners have the necessary equipment and training to handle these chemicals safely, reducing the risk of accidents or exposure.
Environmental Impact: Some dry cleaning solvents, such as perc, have been associated with environmental concerns due to their potential to contaminate soil and groundwater. Professional dry cleaners are subject to strict regulations and guidelines to ensure proper disposal and containment of these chemicals.
Effectiveness and Specialized Equipment: Dry cleaning requires specialized equipment and machinery to perform the cleaning process effectively. It's not just about the chemicals themselves but also the specific machines and techniques used in the process.
Fabric Compatibility: Dry cleaning solvents are designed to be gentle on delicate fabrics, preventing damage or discoloration. Using these chemicals without the appropriate knowledge and expertise could result in ruined clothing.
Legal Restrictions: There are regulations and laws governing the use and distribution of certain chemicals, especially those that are potentially hazardous. Selling these chemicals to consumers without proper control could lead to misuse and safety issues.
In response to the environmental concerns and the desire for more eco-friendly cleaning methods, some alternative "at-home" dry cleaning kits have been developed that use milder solvents and safer techniques. However, these kits may not be as effective as professional dry cleaning and are generally recommended for minor spot cleaning rather than full garment cleaning.
For the best results and to ensure the safety of both individuals and the environment, it's recommended to leave dry cleaning to professional cleaners who are trained and equipped to handle these specialized processes.