Dry cleaning is a method of cleaning clothes and fabrics using a chemical solvent instead of water. It is suitable for garments that are delicate, cannot withstand the rigors of a regular washing machine, or are labeled as "dry clean only." The process is called "dry" cleaning because it does not involve the use of water.
Here's how dry cleaning typically works:
Pre-treatment: Before the actual cleaning process, dry cleaners inspect the garments for stains and treat them with specialized solvents or spotting agents to help remove the stains effectively.
Cleaning: The garments are placed in a large drum-like machine called a dry cleaning machine. This machine is designed to hold the solvent and rotate the clothes gently. The most commonly used solvent for dry cleaning is perchloroethylene (also known as "perc" or "PCE"), which is an organic compound that effectively dissolves grease, oils, and other stains.
Rinse: After the cleaning cycle is complete, the garments may undergo a rinse cycle with a fresh batch of solvent to remove any remaining soil or detergent.
Drying: The machine then spins the clothes to remove excess solvent, and they are transferred to a separate drying unit. The solvent used in the cleaning process is distilled and recycled for future use, reducing waste.
Post-treatment: After the drying process, the garments are inspected again for any lingering stains or odors. If necessary, additional spot cleaning or steaming is performed.
Pressing and Finishing: Finally, the clothes are pressed and finished to give them a crisp and fresh appearance before being returned to the customer.
Regarding the use of perchloroethylene, the dry cleaning industry has been shifting away from its use due to environmental and health concerns. Perchloroethylene is classified as a volatile organic compound (VOC) and is a potential air and water pollutant. Prolonged exposure to high levels of perchloroethylene can be harmful to human health.
Many dry cleaners have transitioned to alternative methods and solvents that are more environmentally friendly and less hazardous. Some of these alternatives include hydrocarbon-based solvents, silicone-based solvents (GreenEarth), and liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) cleaning. These newer methods still provide effective cleaning results without the negative environmental and health impacts associated with perchloroethylene.
To find out if a specific dry cleaner uses perchloroethylene or alternative methods, you can inquire with the establishment directly or check their website for information about their cleaning processes.