Cotton fabric typically shrinks after its first wash, rather than expanding. This is because cotton fibers have a natural tendency to contract when exposed to heat, water, and agitation, such as that which occurs during washing and drying.
The shrinking occurs due to the release of tension within the fabric. During the manufacturing process, cotton fabric is stretched and manipulated to achieve a smooth and consistent appearance. However, when it comes into contact with water and heat, the fibers relax and return to their more natural state, causing the fabric to shrink.
Manufacturers often account for this shrinkage when producing clothing and other cotton items, which is why you may notice that some clothing items come with care instructions to wash before wearing to allow for the initial shrinkage.
To minimize the shrinkage of cotton fabric, you can follow some precautions:
Read and follow the care instructions on the clothing label.
Wash the cotton fabric in cold water and avoid using hot water, which can exacerbate shrinking.
Use a gentle or delicate cycle on your washing machine.
Avoid using high heat when drying cotton items. Instead, use a lower heat setting or air dry them.
Stretch and reshape the fabric while it's damp to help restore its original dimensions.
Keep in mind that while cotton fabric may shrink after the first wash, it tends to stabilize after a few washes, and subsequent shrinkage becomes minimal.