Fixing sunken pavers on a patio involves a process called "paver leveling" or "paver re-leveling." Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do it:
Assessment: Inspect the sunken areas and identify the cause of the sinking. It could be due to poor base preparation, erosion, or soil settling. Understanding the underlying cause will help you prevent the issue from recurring.
Remove Pavers: Carefully remove the sunken pavers and set them aside. If they are still in good condition, you can reuse them.
Level the Base: Ensure the base beneath the sunken pavers is level and stable. If the issue is due to poor base preparation, you may need to dig out the area, add a fresh layer of compacted gravel or sand, and use a level to ensure it's even.
Use Sand: Spread a layer of coarse sand (about 1 inch) over the prepared base. The sand will act as a leveling agent to bring the pavers back to the desired height.
Reposition Pavers: Carefully place the sunken pavers back onto the sand bed, adjusting their position to match the surrounding pavers. Wiggle them slightly to help the sand settle.
Leveling: To ensure the pavers are level, use a straight board or a level tool to check each row of pavers. Adjust as needed by adding or removing sand beneath the pavers.
Compact Pavers: Use a plate compactor or a rubber mallet to gently compact the pavers into the sand. This helps to set them in place and prevents future sinking.
Sand Filling: After compaction, sweep fine sand over the entire patio surface to fill the gaps between the pavers. This sand will help stabilize the pavers and prevent weed growth.
Final Compaction: Run the plate compactor over the entire patio surface once more to ensure the pavers are securely set and the sand has filled all the joints.
Sealing (Optional): If you want to enhance the appearance and durability of your patio, consider applying a paver sealer according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Keep in mind that while this process can fix minor sinking issues, significant and recurring sinking may indicate more extensive problems with the base or drainage. In such cases, it's best to consult with a professional to address the underlying issues properly.
Also, remember to wear appropriate safety gear, such as gloves and safety glasses, when working with pavers and construction materials.