The architectural feature you are referring to is known as a "Juliet balcony" or "Juliette balcony." A Juliet balcony is a small, shallow balcony that does not extend beyond the building's exterior wall. It is typically located on the upper floors, such as the second or third floor level of a building. This design element is commonly found in older houses and buildings, especially in European architecture.
The name "Juliet balcony" is inspired by William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet." In the famous balcony scene, Juliet appears on a raised platform that resembles a balcony, even though it does not extend out from the wall. The concept of the Juliet balcony was influenced by this scene.
The primary purpose of a Juliet balcony is to add an element of architectural beauty and provide an illusion of an outdoor space without the need for a full-sized balcony. While it does not offer the same usable outdoor space as a regular balcony, it allows for an open-air experience, brings in natural light, and provides a sense of connection to the outdoors. It also enhances the aesthetics of the building's facade and can be an attractive feature for the upper floors.
In modern architecture, Juliet balconies are still incorporated into designs, both for aesthetic and practical reasons. They are especially popular in urban areas where space is limited or building regulations may restrict the size of balconies. Additionally, they can be a more cost-effective option compared to larger balconies while still maintaining the benefits of having an open-air view and increased natural light on upper floors.