In a typical electrical system, an air conditioner operates on alternating current (AC). In such systems, both the live (also known as "hot") and neutral wires carry current. The reason current flows through both live and neutral in an air conditioner outdoor unit is due to how AC electrical circuits work.
Here's a brief explanation of how AC electrical circuits function:
AC Voltage: In an AC electrical system, the voltage alternates direction periodically. In most countries, the standard AC voltage is 120 volts or 230 volts, depending on the region.
Hot (Live) Wire: The live or hot wire carries the alternating voltage from the power source to the electrical device. In the case of an air conditioner, the hot wire supplies the unit with the necessary electrical power to operate.
Neutral Wire: The neutral wire provides a return path for the electrical current to complete the circuit. It carries the current back to the electrical source (e.g., the utility power grid or the electrical panel) after it has passed through the device (e.g., the air conditioner).
Completing the Circuit: When the air conditioner is turned on, current flows from the hot wire to the air conditioner's components, providing power for the unit to function. Once the current has passed through the air conditioner, it returns through the neutral wire to complete the circuit and flow back to the electrical source.
It's essential to note that both the live and neutral wires are necessary for the safe operation of electrical devices like air conditioners. The neutral wire helps maintain a balanced electrical load and provides a safe path for the current to return, preventing potential hazards or electric shocks.
For safety reasons, electrical installations must be performed according to the appropriate electrical codes and standards. It's crucial to hire a licensed electrician to ensure that the electrical connections for an air conditioner or any other electrical appliance are done correctly and safely. Never attempt to work on electrical systems if you are not qualified to do so, as it can be hazardous.