Water accumulates in the air conditioning drainage pipe when the AC is running continuously for a long time due to a process called condensation. Let me explain it step by step:
Cooling Process: The primary function of an air conditioner is to cool the indoor air. To achieve this, the AC unit uses a refrigerant that circulates through a closed-loop system. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and turns it into a gas.
Dehumidification: As the indoor air cools, its ability to hold moisture decreases, causing excess moisture (humidity) in the air to condense into water droplets on the evaporator coil, which is a part of the AC unit's indoor component. This process is similar to how moisture forms on the surface of a cold drink on a hot day.
Drainage: The water droplets that form on the evaporator coil drip down into a tray or pan below it. The drainage pipe is connected to this tray or pan, allowing the condensed water to flow out of the AC unit.
Gravity and Slope: The drainage pipe is designed with a slight slope or incline to help facilitate the flow of water out of the unit. The accumulated water then exits through the pipe and is typically directed outside the building, away from the living or working spaces.
Continuous Operation: When the air conditioner runs continuously for an extended period, more and more moisture is removed from the indoor air, leading to an increased amount of condensed water that flows through the drainage pipe.
It's essential for the drainage system to function correctly, as excessive moisture or water retention within the AC unit can lead to issues like mold growth, reduced cooling efficiency, and even water damage. Regular maintenance, including cleaning the drainage pipe and ensuring it remains unblocked, is crucial to ensure proper functioning and prevent any potential problems.