Before the widespread availability of air conditioning, people spent their summers using various techniques and strategies to keep cool and comfortable. Here are some common ways people coped with hot weather before the advent of air conditioning:
Natural ventilation: Homes were designed with features to maximize natural ventilation, such as windows, doors, and strategically placed vents. Opening windows at night or during cooler periods allowed for cross-ventilation to circulate fresh air through the house.
Shade and insulation: People used natural shade from trees and awnings to keep their homes cooler. Additionally, using thick curtains or blinds during the hottest parts of the day helped block out direct sunlight and reduce indoor temperatures.
Cool basements and cellars: Basements and cellars tend to be naturally cooler, and people would spend time in these areas during the hottest parts of the day to escape the heat.
Fans: Electric fans became popular as early as the late 1800s and were widely used to create air movement and provide some relief from the heat. Ceiling fans, oscillating fans, and handheld fans were common.
Wet cloths and evaporation: People would dampen cloths or towels and place them on their skin to create a cooling effect through evaporation. This practice was particularly effective in dry climates.
Porches and outdoor living: Before air conditioning, people often spent more time outdoors on porches or in shady areas, where they could catch a breeze and enjoy cooler temperatures.
Siestas and naps: In some cultures, the hottest part of the day was dedicated to rest or naps. Taking a break during the peak heat helped conserve energy and avoid unnecessary heat exposure.
Cold foods and drinks: Eating cold or refreshing foods like salads, fruits, and ice cream and drinking chilled beverages helped people stay cool from the inside out.
Community gathering places: Some towns and neighborhoods had public places like parks, fountains, or community centers where people could gather and socialize in cooler environments.
Adjusting daily routines: People often adapted their daily activities to the weather, conducting physically demanding tasks during cooler morning or evening hours and avoiding strenuous activities during the peak heat of the day.
It's important to note that while these methods helped people cope with the heat, extreme weather conditions could still be challenging, and heat-related illnesses were a concern. The widespread adoption of air conditioning in the mid-20th century significantly improved indoor comfort during hot summers and became a transformative technology that allowed for more substantial economic and demographic changes, including the growth of Sun Belt cities and improved productivity in various industries.