If you place a jar with 3/4 water in the freezer overnight, several things would happen. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
Freezing process: As the jar is placed in the freezer, the temperature of the water inside the jar would gradually decrease. Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), so the colder the temperature gets, the more likely it is for the water to freeze.
Expansion of water: As the water approaches the freezing point, it begins to expand. This expansion occurs due to the unique properties of water. Unlike most substances, water expands when it freezes, which means it takes up more space in its solid state (ice) compared to its liquid state.
Increased pressure: As the water expands and turns into ice, it exerts pressure on the walls of the jar. If the jar is not specifically designed to withstand the expansion, it may crack or shatter due to the increased pressure. Glass jars are particularly susceptible to this because they are rigid and do not flex.
Potential jar breakage: Depending on the strength and quality of the jar, it may or may not break. If the jar is made of a durable material like tempered glass or designed to withstand freezing temperatures, it has a higher chance of remaining intact. However, if the jar is made of regular glass or not designed for freezing, there is a significant risk of it breaking due to the expansion of the freezing water.
It's worth noting that the expansion of water upon freezing is why it's crucial to leave some headspace when freezing liquids in containers. This allows room for the expansion and prevents containers from breaking under the pressure.