To calculate the energy required to lower the temperature of water from 23°C to 0°C, you can use the specific heat capacity formula:
Q = m * c * ΔT
where: Q is the energy absorbed or released (in joules), m is the mass of the substance (in kilograms), c is the specific heat capacity of the substance (in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius), and ΔT is the change in temperature (in degrees Celsius).
Given data: m = 0.1 kg (mass of water) ΔT = 23°C - 0°C = 23°C (change in temperature)
The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 4.186 joules per gram per degree Celsius (or 4186 joules per kilogram per degree Celsius).
Converting the specific heat capacity to joules per kilogram per degree Celsius: c = 4186 J/kg°C
Now, plug the values into the formula:
Q = 0.1 kg * 4186 J/kg°C * 23°C
Q ≈ 9651.8 joules
So, the freezer must absorb approximately 9651.8 joules of energy from the 0.1 kg of water to lower its temperature from 23°C to 0°C.