If you overcool a freezer, meaning you set the temperature lower than the recommended or appropriate range, several things may happen:
Excessive ice formation: Lowering the temperature too much can cause excessive ice buildup inside the freezer. This can lead to reduced storage space, difficulty in accessing items, and potentially damage to the freezer's components.
Increased energy consumption: Overcooling the freezer requires the compressor to work harder to maintain the extremely low temperature. This increased workload can result in higher energy consumption, leading to higher electricity bills.
Potential damage to food items: Certain food items may not fare well in extremely low temperatures. Some foods can become excessively hard or even freeze to the point of developing a mushy texture when thawed. This can affect their taste, texture, and quality.
Freezer burn: Overcooling can increase the likelihood of freezer burn. Freezer burn occurs when food is exposed to air inside the freezer, leading to dehydration and oxidation. It can result in the development of dry, discolored patches on the surface of the food, affecting its quality.
Damaged components: Overcooling can put extra strain on the freezer's components, such as the compressor, thermostat, and evaporator coils. This strain may lead to premature wear and tear, reducing the lifespan of the freezer or causing malfunctions.
To avoid these issues, it's best to set the freezer to the manufacturer's recommended temperature range, usually around 0°F (-18°C) for most household freezers. This temperature provides adequate preservation without the risks associated with overcooling.