If you pour too much water into your ice cube tray and the water level exceeds the capacity of the individual ice cube compartments, a few things can happen:
Spillover: The excess water might spill over the sides of the ice cube tray, making a mess in your freezer. This can create a challenging situation when trying to remove the tray later.
Longer freezing time: With a larger volume of water to freeze, it will take longer for the water to reach a low enough temperature to solidify. The coldness in the freezer will still act to freeze the water, but it will require more time for the entire volume of water to reach the freezing point.
Uneven freezing: Depending on how much extra water you pour, the ice cube compartments may not fully freeze, or they might freeze unevenly. The top layer might freeze while the bottom remains liquid, or the middle might be frozen, but the top and bottom remain liquid.
Formation of supercooled water: In some cases, if the freezer is extremely cold and the excess water is not disturbed, it might remain in a supercooled state. Supercooled water is water that remains liquid below its freezing point due to the lack of nucleation sites (particles around which ice crystals can form). When disturbed or when an ice crystal is introduced, the supercooled water can rapidly freeze into ice.
Overall, while the cold temperature in the freezer will eventually freeze the water, the excess water may cause complications and lead to longer freezing times, uneven freezing, or potential spillovers. It's best to pour an appropriate amount of water into the ice cube tray to ensure easy removal and consistent ice cube formation. If you accidentally pour too much water, you can use a clean towel to carefully remove the excess before placing the tray in the freezer.