If your chest freezer has a power rating of 10 amps and you have a 10 gauge extension cord rated for 15 amps, it should be safe to use the extension cord with your freezer. Here's why:
Ampacity: The 10 gauge extension cord is rated for 15 amps, which means it can handle a continuous current flow of up to 15 amps without overheating. Since your chest freezer draws 10 amps, it falls within the capacity of the extension cord.
Safety margin: It is generally recommended to have some safety margin when selecting an extension cord. In this case, the 10 gauge extension cord has a higher ampacity than what your freezer requires, providing an additional buffer for electrical safety.
Length and quality: The length of the extension cord can impact its performance. If you need to use an extension cord, it's advisable to keep it as short as possible to minimize voltage drop. Additionally, ensure that the extension cord is in good condition and properly rated for outdoor or heavy-duty use.
However, it's important to note that using an extension cord for a long duration is not ideal. Extension cords can generate heat and potentially pose a fire hazard if they are overloaded or used improperly. It's always best to connect appliances directly to a properly grounded outlet whenever possible.
If you find that you frequently need to rely on an extension cord to power your chest freezer, it may be worth considering installing a dedicated outlet closer to the freezer to eliminate the need for an extension cord altogether. Consulting a qualified electrician would be the best course of action for any electrical modifications or installations.