If the bottom half of your refrigerator stops working while the top half (freezer) continues to function, there are a few potential reasons for this issue:
Evaporator Fan Failure: The refrigerator has an evaporator fan that circulates cold air throughout both the freezer and the fresh food compartment. If the evaporator fan stops working, the freezer may still remain cold, but the cold air won't reach the refrigerator section. This can result in the bottom half of the fridge not cooling properly.
Frost Buildup: If the evaporator coils in the freezer become covered with excessive frost or ice, it can hinder the transfer of cold air to the refrigerator section. This is often caused by a malfunctioning defrost system, leading to improper cooling in the fridge compartment.
Blocked Air Vents: The refrigerator and freezer compartments are connected through air vents. If these vents become blocked by food items or debris, it can disrupt the airflow and cause temperature imbalances between the two sections.
Damaged Door Gaskets: The rubber seals around the doors, known as door gaskets, are responsible for maintaining a proper seal when the doors are closed. If the gaskets are damaged, torn, or not sealing correctly, warm air from the surrounding environment may enter the fridge compartment, leading to cooling issues.
Thermostat or Temperature Control Problem: A malfunctioning thermostat or temperature control can cause improper cooling in either the freezer or the fridge compartment, depending on which component is faulty.
Defective Compressor: The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator's cooling system. If the compressor fails, it can lead to a loss of cooling in one or both compartments.
Clogged Condenser Coils: Dust and debris can accumulate on the condenser coils, which are responsible for dissipating heat from the refrigerator. If the coils are clogged, the fridge's cooling efficiency can be reduced.
If you encounter this problem with your refrigerator, it's best to consult a professional appliance repair technician to diagnose and fix the specific issue. They will have the expertise and tools to identify the problem accurately and ensure the proper functioning of your appliance.