Power surges can cause damage to various parts of an air conditioning (AC) system. Some of the AC components that are particularly vulnerable to power surge damage include:
Compressor: The compressor is one of the most crucial components of an AC system. It is responsible for circulating the refrigerant and compressing it to enable heat exchange. A power surge can cause the compressor motor to burn out or suffer irreparable damage, leading to a costly repair or replacement.
Capacitor: AC units have run and start capacitors that provide an extra boost of power to the motors during startup. Power surges can cause these capacitors to fail, affecting the motor's performance and preventing the AC from running correctly.
Control Board: The control board, also known as the circuit board or PCB, is responsible for managing various functions of the AC system. Power surges can fry the sensitive electronic components on the board, leading to malfunctions or complete failure.
Fan Motor: AC units have fan motors that help in circulating air through the system. A power surge can damage the motor windings or bearings, causing the fan to stop working or operate inefficiently.
Thermostat: The thermostat controls the AC's operation by sensing the temperature and signaling the system to turn on or off accordingly. A power surge can damage the thermostat, leading to inaccurate temperature readings or improper AC operation.
Solenoid Valve: The solenoid valve controls the flow of refrigerant in the AC system. A power surge can cause the solenoid valve to malfunction or get stuck, affecting the refrigerant flow and cooling performance.
Sensors: AC units may have various sensors to monitor parameters such as temperature and pressure. Power surges can damage these sensors, leading to incorrect readings and system malfunctions.
To protect the AC system from power surges, it is advisable to use surge protectors or install whole-house surge protection devices. These devices help divert excess voltage away from sensitive electronic components, reducing the risk of damage during power surges caused by lightning strikes, grid fluctuations, or other electrical issues. Regular maintenance and inspection by a qualified HVAC technician can also help identify and address potential problems before they lead to major damage.