Washing machines use a combination of sensors, timers, and programming to know when to stop various cycles. Here's an overview of how they work:
Load Size and Balance Sensors: Modern washing machines often have load size sensors that measure the weight of the laundry. These sensors help the machine determine the appropriate amount of water needed for the wash cycle. Additionally, there are balance sensors that monitor the distribution of the load inside the drum. If the load is not balanced properly, the machine may adjust the spin cycle or stop to prevent excessive vibrations.
Water Level Sensors: As the washing machine starts filling with water, it uses water level sensors to monitor the water's height inside the drum. Once it reaches the desired water level, the machine knows it's time to move on to the next stage of the cycle.
Timer and Microcontrollers: Washing machines have internal timers or microcontrollers that keep track of the elapsed time during the wash cycle. These timers control the duration of each stage of the cycle, such as wash, rinse, and spin.
Temperature Sensors: Some washing machines have temperature sensors to monitor the water temperature during the wash and rinse cycles. They ensure that the water reaches the desired temperature for effective cleaning and stain removal.
Detergent Dispensers: Many modern washing machines have detergent dispensers that release the detergent at specific points during the cycle. The washing machine may stop briefly to allow the detergent to dissolve and mix with the water before continuing with the wash cycle.
Programmed Settings: Washing machines come with various pre-set programs designed for different types of fabrics and soil levels. The machine uses these pre-programmed settings to adjust factors such as wash time, water temperature, and spin speed. Once the selected program's cycle is complete, the machine stops automatically.
Lid Locks and Safety Features: Some washing machines have safety features such as lid locks that prevent the lid from being opened during certain parts of the cycle, such as the spin cycle. The machine will stop spinning if the lid is opened, ensuring user safety.
All these components work together to automate the washing process and ensure that the clothes are washed effectively without any manual intervention. The specific mechanisms and features may vary depending on the model and brand of the washing machine.