Cast iron and normal iron, also known as wrought iron or mild steel, are two different types of iron with distinct characteristics and uses. Here are the main differences between cast iron and normal iron:
Composition:
- Cast Iron: Cast iron is a type of iron that contains a high amount of carbon (usually between 2% to 4%) and silicon. It also contains small amounts of other elements like manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus.
- Normal Iron (Wrought Iron or Mild Steel): Normal iron, also known as wrought iron or mild steel, contains much lower carbon content (usually less than 0.3%) compared to cast iron. It also contains a small amount of impurities.
Manufacturing Process:
- Cast Iron: Cast iron is produced by melting iron along with carbon-rich materials in a furnace and then pouring the molten metal into molds. This process gives cast iron its characteristic shape and allows for intricate designs.
- Normal Iron (Wrought Iron or Mild Steel): Wrought iron or mild steel is made through a different manufacturing process. It involves smelting iron ore in a blast furnace and then further refining the molten iron to reduce the carbon content. The resulting iron is then rolled into sheets or forged into various shapes.
Strength and Brittleness:
- Cast Iron: Cast iron is relatively brittle and can fracture under stress or impact. It is not as malleable as normal iron.
- Normal Iron (Wrought Iron or Mild Steel): Normal iron, specifically mild steel, is much more malleable and ductile than cast iron. It can be easily shaped and is less prone to fractures.
Uses:
- Cast Iron: Cast iron is commonly used for making cookware, such as skillets, pans, and Dutch ovens, due to its excellent heat retention properties. It is also used in the construction of engine blocks, pipes, and certain types of machinery.
- Normal Iron (Wrought Iron or Mild Steel): Wrought iron and mild steel have a wide range of applications. Wrought iron is often used for decorative purposes, such as gates, railings, and ornamental structures. Mild steel, on the other hand, is widely used in construction, automotive industry, machinery, and various industrial applications.
Appearance:
- Cast Iron: Cast iron often has a rough and grainy surface due to its casting process.
- Normal Iron (Wrought Iron or Mild Steel): Wrought iron typically has a smoother surface and is more suitable for decorative applications.
In summary, the main differences between cast iron and normal iron lie in their carbon content, manufacturing processes, strength, malleability, and applications. Both types of iron have their unique properties, making them suitable for different uses and industries.