If there is no refrigerant in an air conditioner system, the compressor may still attempt to turn on, but it will likely detect the lack of refrigerant pressure and may shut off quickly or not run properly. The refrigerant plays a critical role in the operation of an air conditioner, as it facilitates the heat exchange process that cools the air. When there is no refrigerant present, the air conditioner will not be able to absorb heat from inside your home and release it outside, rendering it ineffective at cooling the air.
Modern air conditioning systems often have pressure sensors or safety switches that monitor the refrigerant levels. If the pressure is too low (indicating a lack of refrigerant), the system's safety mechanisms may prevent the compressor from running continuously to avoid damage.
In some cases, the lack of refrigerant might lead to the compressor repeatedly turning on and off rapidly in a cycle, a condition known as short-cycling. This can put extra strain on the compressor and other components and may lead to further issues with the air conditioner.
If you suspect that your air conditioner is low on refrigerant or has no refrigerant, it is essential to have it inspected by a qualified HVAC technician. They can diagnose the issue, find and fix any leaks, and recharge the system with the correct amount of refrigerant to ensure proper and efficient operation. Additionally, they will check for any other potential problems that might have arisen due to the lack of refrigerant.