When an air conditioner is turned on, one of its primary functions is to remove heat and moisture from the air in order to cool the indoor environment. The process involves a cooling mechanism and the circulation of refrigerant within the air conditioning system.
Here's a simplified explanation of why the outside of an air conditioner gets wet:
Cooling Process: The air conditioner contains a component called an evaporator coil, which is responsible for cooling the air. When the system is operational, warm indoor air is drawn into the air conditioner through a vent. The air passes over the evaporator coil, which is kept at a lower temperature than the incoming air.
Condensation: As the warm air encounters the cold evaporator coil, the temperature difference causes moisture in the air to condense. This process is similar to the formation of dew on a cold surface. The moisture in the air turns into water droplets.
Drainage: To prevent water from accumulating and damaging the system, air conditioners are designed with a drainage system. The condensed water drips down from the evaporator coil and collects in a tray or pan. From there, it is directed through a drain pipe or tube to the outside of the air conditioner.
Exterior Wetness: As the water is drained from the evaporator coil, it usually exits the air conditioner through a small hole or pipe. This water may flow onto the outside of the air conditioner, causing it to appear wet. The presence of water on the exterior is a normal byproduct of the cooling process and indicates that the drainage system is functioning correctly.
It's worth noting that in certain cases, excessive moisture or water accumulation on the outside of an air conditioner could be a sign of a problem with the drainage system. If you notice an unusually large amount of water or if the unit is leaking water indoors, it's advisable to have it inspected by a qualified HVAC professional to ensure proper functioning and avoid potential damage.